Factor structure of manifestation of success in the formation of choreographic skills in young dancers

The aim: to study the factor structure of success in the formation of choreographic skills in young athletes. Material and methods. The study involved 32 qualified dancers (16 couples) aged 14-15 years. According to the success criteria, athletes were divided into two groups: with a high and reduced level of success. Psychophysiological characteristics were studied using neurodynamics functions, as well as verbal and non-verbal intelligence. Results. The analysis revealed the presence of two factors that determine success in the formation of complex coordination and choreographic skills of young dancers: neurodynamics and verbal. It was established that the success and effectiveness of mastering complex choreographic skills in young dancers is determined by individual typological properties perception, information processing and verbal intelligence. The presence of the verbal intelligence factor is associated with the peculiarities of sports dance. Among young dancers who have a reduced level of success, the factor structure has two factors: psychophysiological and verbal-speed. Conclusions. The results can be used to differentiate the training process to improve the level of success in the formation of complex choreographic skills in young dancers.


Introduction
At the present stage of sports dance development, it is possible to observe a common trend -the search for individual approaches to improving the result of competitive activities [1,2]. Existing traditional approaches to the system of training in sports dances do not always take into account the individual and age characteristics of athletes [3,4].
The process of training skilled athletes in almost all Olympic and non-Olympic sports is carried out at the level of excessive physical and mental efforts [5,6]. This circumstance leads to the search for new approaches to the implementation of in-depth scientific research of psychophysiological mechanisms of improving the functional reserves of the body of athletes in adaptation processes. It is fundamentally important that in qualifying athletes optimal adaptation to the most strenuous work is possible taking into account the level of manifestation of genetically determined functions [7,8,9].
The human body in the course of evolution has formed the mechanisms of the nervous system that provide the optimal choice of personality for a certain type of activity. These include individualtypological features, which are largely inherited, and at the same time are influenced by social and professional, and in most, sports influence [10,11,12].
Existing research has little or no data available regarding the consideration of issues related to the level of manifestation of genetically determined factors of different origins on the athlete's feasibility. It is especially interesting to study the relationship of individual-typological, psychophysiological characteristics with success in sports dancing.
In addition, although there are sufficient facts to address issues related to sports activity, we have not found a study of the manifestation of psychophysiological characteristics in sports dancing. In our previous works, the creative component and peculiarities of competition evaluation were taken into account, which forced us to use those methods that objectively assessed the state of manifestation of mental processes and psychophysiological properties [13,14].
However, the lack of quantitative criteria for the success of mastering choreographic skills in sports dancing does not contribute to the controllability of the training process. Therefore, there was a need to study the factor structure of success and indicators of psychophysiological functions in the formation of choreographic skills of young athletes. This fact made it possible to actualize the problems of technical, tactical and psychological training.
The aim: to study the factor structure of success in the formation of choreographic skills in young athletes.

Participants
The study involved 32 qualified athletes (16 couples) engaged in dance sports, aged 14-15 years, qualifications from 1 category to candidates for masters of sports in Ukraine. The dancers were previously evaluated on five submitted performance criteria (a ten-point system for each criterion), to be further divided into groups of more or less successful athletes. The first group -athletes with high level of success -12 people (> 71 points), the second groupathletes with low level of success -20 people (<70 points).

Procedure
Psychophysiological properties were investigated by the following methods: research of indicators of neurodynamic functions responsible for the perception and speed of information processing: latent time of simple visual-motor reaction, balance and functional mobility of nervous processes, indicators of ting-test, as well as tests for determination of verbal test regularities "and the perception, processing of information and decision making regarding non-verbal stimuli -" number comparison ". These indicators were used to assess the level of success in groups of more or less successful athletes.
All athletes consented to scientific research and the use of research results for scientific purposes, as recommended by ethics committees on biomedical research [15]. The mathematical processing of the results of the study was performed using computer software packages MS Excel and Statistica 6.0.

Results
In the table. 1 presents the results of factor analysis among more successful young dancers. The analysis of the table. 1 revealed the presence of two factors that determine the success of mastering choreographic skills among young dancers. 28 Health, sport, rehabilitation Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация 6(1) The first factor consists of indicators of neurodynamic functions responsible for the perception and speed of information processing: latent time of visual-motor response, balance, functional mobility of nervous processes, indicators of the non-verbal intelligence tep-test (Table 1). In fact, the first factor is neurodynamic, which is responsible for the speed and quality of the perception and processing of information.
The second factor consists of test indicators, which determines the peculiarities of the manifestation of verbal intelligence "establishment of laws": productivity, accuracy and efficiency ( Table 1). The pattern-setting test is characterized by verbal tasks aimed at finding a coded word. This test establishes the cognitive properties of a verbal character: speed of perception, prompt, logical thinking and attention.
Thus, the second factor can be called verbal, because, as our previous studies have shown, it is the cognitive verbal sphere that is aimed at compensating for the decline in academic achievement and the formation of choreographic skills in young dancers. Table 2 presents the results of factor analysis among less successful young dancers.
Analysis of the results of Table 2 showed that less successful dancers also find two factors that determine the success of mastering difficult coordination skills among young dancers. However, the structure of these factors is somewhat different compared to the group of successful dancers.
The first factor consists of indicators of neurodynamic functions responsible for the perception and speed of information processing: latent time of visual-motor response, balance and functional mobility of nervous processes, indicators of the tep-test and indicators of cognitive functions: verbal and non-verbal thinking (2). Based on the above, the first factor can be called psychophysiological.
The second factor consists of indicators of functional mobility of nervous processes and accuracy of the verbal test. It may be noted that the second factor reflects the ability to reproduce verbal tasks with high quality and speed. This factor can be called verbal-velocity. Thus, the structure of successful formation of complex coordination and choreographic skills in young dancers is characterized by two main factors: the psychophysiological factor and the verbal-speed.
These factors are related to individual typological characteristics that determine the ability of young dancers to perceive and process information of different modality. Consideration of the factor structure of successful formation of complex coordination and choreographic skills in young dancers who have a higher level of success showed the presence of two factors. The first factorneurodynamic, indicates the property of the speed and quality of perception and processing of information.
29 Health, sport, rehabilitation Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация 6(1) Table 2 Factor analysis results among less successful young dancers (n = 20) The second factor is verbal, connected with the possibility of assimilation (perception) of verbal information in the conditions of training and competitive activity of young dancers.
It can be testified that the success and efficiency of mastering complex choreographic skills in young dancers is determined by the individualtypological properties of perception and processing of information and the ability to verbally comprehend relevant information. This circumstance is related to the peculiarity of sports dance, as a sport that combines both sports and artistic components.
Given that sports dances do not actually have situational conditions with a time limit, such as in gaming, it is a system-forming characteristic, namely, verbal intelligence.

Discussion
Identifying the level of ability and inclination of young athletes to master complex choreographic skills is an urgent problem of modern sports dancing. Among the existing ways of improving the training process, the most important are the concept of individualization of sports training [15,16,17,18].
The conducted researches were devoted to determination of criteria of success of mastering of choreographic skills in sports dancing among young athletes taking into account psychophysiological characteristics. To develop quantitative criteria, it was necessary to study the factor structure of successful formation of complex coordination and choreographic skills in young dancers. The analysis of the factor structure of successful formation of complex coordination and choreographic skills in young dancers who have a higher level of success showed the presence of two factors: neurodynamic and verbal.
It is established that the success and effectiveness of mastering difficult choreographic skills in young dancers is determined by the individual-typological properties -perception, processing of information and verbal intelligence. The presence of the factor of verbal intelligence is connected with the peculiarity of sports dance, as a sport combining both sports and artistic components. After all, verbal intelligence enables the dancer to combine motor activity with musical accompaniment and rhythmic component [19,20,21].
Among young dancers with reduced levels of success, factor structure also has two factors: psychophysiological and verbal-speed.
It is verbal intelligence that enables the dancer to correctly assess the situation, simultaneously synchronize movements with the musical accompaniment, make optimal decisions for successful implementation of the result of the activity.
The first factor indicates the presence in the group of less successful dancers the inclusion of 30 Health, sport, rehabilitation Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация 6(1) more elements of the functional system responsible for the success in the formation of choreographic skills.
This fact points to less sophisticated technical training in this group of dancers.
The second factor characterizes the inclusion of qualitative properties of the cognitive sphere for the actualization of verbal intelligence. This fact points to a possible way to improve the level of technical training and increase the success in mastering the choreographic skills of young dancers through the actualization, namely, opportunities for the development of verbal intelligence.

Conclusions
1. The structure of successful formation of complex coordination and choreographic skills in young dancers is characterized by two main factors: psycho-physiological factor and verbal-speed.
2. The presence of the factor of verbal intelligence is related to the feature of sports dance, as a sport that combines both sports and artistic components.
3. The results obtained can be used to differentiate the training process to improve the level of success in the formation of complex choreographic skills in young dancers.